Manually analyzing spermatozoa is a tremendous task for biologists due to the many fast-moving spermatozoa, causing inconsistencies in the quality of the assessments. Therefore, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) has become a popular solution. Despite this, more data is needed to train supervised machine learning approaches in order to improve accuracy and reliability. In this regard, we provide a dataset called VISEM-Tracking with 20 video recordings of 30s of spermatozoa with manually annotated bounding-box coordinates and a set of sperm characteristics analyzed by experts in the domain. VISEM-Tracking is an extension of the previously published VISEM dataset. In addition to the annotated data, we provide unlabeled video clips for easy-to-use access and analysis of the data. As part of this paper, we present baseline sperm detection performances using the YOLOv5 deep learning model trained on the VISEM-Tracking dataset. As a result, the dataset can be used to train complex deep-learning models to analyze spermatozoa. The dataset is publicly available at https://zenodo.org/record/7293726.

Head and neck cancers are the fifth most common cancer worldwide, and recently, analysis of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computed Tomography (CT) images has been proposed to identify patients with a prognosis. Even though the results look promising, more research is needed to further validate and improve the results. This paper presents the work done by team MLC for the 2022 version of the HECKTOR grand challenge held at MICCAI 2022. For Task 1, the automatic segmentation task, our approach was, in contrast to earlier solutions using 3D segmentation, to keep it as simple as possible using a 2D model, analyzing every slice as a standalone image. In addition, we were interested in understanding how different modalities influence the results. We proposed two approaches; one using only the CT scans to make predictions and another using a combination of the CT and PET scans. For Task 2, the prediction of recurrence-free survival, we first proposed two approaches, one where we only use patient data and one where we combined the patient data with segmentations from the image model. For the prediction of the first two approaches, we used Random Forest. In our third approach, we combined patient data and image data using XGBoost. Low kidney function might worsen cancer prognosis. In this approach, we therefore estimated the kidney function of the patients and included it as a feature. Overall, we conclude that our simple methods were not able to compete with the highest-ranking submissions, but we still obtained reasonably good scores. We also got interesting insights into how the combination of different modalities can influence the segmentation and predictions.

在这项工作中，我们认为寻找人工通用智能（AGI）应该从比人类水平的智能低得多的水平开始。自然界中智能行为的环境是由于有机体与周围环境相互作用的情况，这种环境可能会随着时间的流逝而改变，并对有机体施加压力，以便学习新的行为或环境模型。我们的假设是，学习是通过解释代理在环境中作用时的感觉反馈而发生的。为此，需要一个身体和反应性环境。我们评估了一种进化生物学启发的人工神经网络的方法，该神经网络从名为“人工通用智能的神经进化”（Nagi）的环境反应中学习，这是一个低水平AGI的框架。该方法允许使用自适应突触的随机启用尖峰神经网络的进化络合，该神经网络控制在可变环境中实例化的代理。这种配置使我们能够基准基准控制器的适应性和通用性。可变环境中所选的任务是食品觅食，逻辑门的仿真和卡特杆平衡。这三个任务通过相当小的网络拓扑成功解决，因此，它打开了实验更复杂的任务和方案的可能性，其中课程学习是有益的。

在实践中，缺少数据是一个通常发生的问题。已经开发了许多插补方法来填写缺失的条目。但是，并非所有这些都可以扩展到高维数据，尤其是多个插补技术。同时，如今的数据趋于高维。因此，在这项工作中，我们提出了主要成分分析插补（PCAI），这是一个基于主成分分析（PCA）的简单但多才多艺的框架，以加快插补过程并减轻许多可用的插补技术的记忆问题，而无需牺牲插补质量质量在MSE任期。此外，即使某些或全部缺少的功能是分类的，或者缺少功能的数量很大，框架也可以使用。接下来，我们介绍PCA插补 - 分类（PIC），这是PCAI在分类问题中的应用，并进行了一些调整。我们通过对各种情况进行实验来验证我们的方法，这表明PCAI和PIC可以使用各种插入算法（包括最先进的算法），并显着提高插补速度，同时在获得竞争性的均方误差/分类精度相比，指导插补（即直接将其插入丢失的数据）。

医学图像分割可以为临床分析提供详细信息，这对于发现的详细位置很重要的情况可能是有用的。了解疾病的位置可以在治疗和决策中发挥重要作用。基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的编码器 - 解码器技术具有自动化医学图像分割系统的性能。几种基于CNN的方法利用了诸如空间和渠道的技术来提高性能。近年来引起关注的另一种技术是残留致密块（RDB）。密集连接块中的连续卷积层能够用不同的接收领域提取各种特征，从而提高性能。然而，连续堆积的卷积运营商可能不一定生成有助于识别目标结构的功能。在本文中，我们提出了一种逐步的交替注意网络（PAANET）。我们开发逐步交替注意密度（Paad）块，其在密集块中的每个卷积层中使用来自所有尺度的特征构建指导注意力图（GAM）。 GAM允许密集块中的以下层集中在与目标区域相关的空间位置。每个备用Paad块都反转GAM以生成反向注意地图，指导后面的图层，以提取边界和边缘相关信息，精炼分割过程。我们对三种不同的生物医学图像分割数据集的实验表明，与其他最先进的方法相比，我们的Paanet达到了有利的性能。

在结肠息肉是众所周知的如通过结肠镜检查鉴定的癌症的前体或者有关诊断工作为症状，结肠直肠癌筛查或某些疾病的系统的监视。虽然大部分息肉是良性的，在数量，尺寸和息肉的表面结构是紧密相连的结肠癌的风险。有高的漏检率和不完全去除结肠息肉的存在由于可变性质，困难描绘异常，高复发率和结肠的解剖外形。过去，多种方法已建成自动化息肉检测与分割。然而，大多数方法的关键问题是，他们没有经过严格的大型多中心的专用数据集进行测试。因此，这些方法可能无法推广到不同人群的数据集，因为他们过度拟合到一个特定的人口和内镜监控。在这个意义上，我们已经从整合超过300名患者6个不同的中心策划的数据集。所述数据集包括与由六名高级肠胃验证息肉边界的精确划定3446个注释息肉标签单帧和序列数据。据我们所知，这是由一组计算科学家和专家肠胃的策划最全面的检测和像素级的细分数据集。此数据集已在起源的Endocv2021挑战旨在息肉检测与分割处理可推广的一部分。在本文中，我们提供全面的洞察数据结构和注释策略，标注的质量保证和技术验证我们的扩展EndoCV2021数据集，我们称之为PolypGen。

In both terrestrial and marine ecology, physical tagging is a frequently used method to study population dynamics and behavior. However, such tagging techniques are increasingly being replaced by individual re-identification using image analysis. This paper introduces a contrastive learning-based model for identifying individuals. The model uses the first parts of the Inception v3 network, supported by a projection head, and we use contrastive learning to find similar or dissimilar image pairs from a collection of uniform photographs. We apply this technique for corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops, an ecologically and commercially important fish species. Photos are taken during repeated catches of the same individuals from a wild population, where the intervals between individual sightings might range from a few days to several years. Our model achieves a one-shot accuracy of 0.35, a 5-shot accuracy of 0.56, and a 100-shot accuracy of 0.88, on our dataset.

Data-driven models such as neural networks are being applied more and more to safety-critical applications, such as the modeling and control of cyber-physical systems. Despite the flexibility of the approach, there are still concerns about the safety of these models in this context, as well as the need for large amounts of potentially expensive data. In particular, when long-term predictions are needed or frequent measurements are not available, the open-loop stability of the model becomes important. However, it is difficult to make such guarantees for complex black-box models such as neural networks, and prior work has shown that model stability is indeed an issue. In this work, we consider an aluminum extraction process where measurements of the internal state of the reactor are time-consuming and expensive. We model the process using neural networks and investigate the role of including skip connections in the network architecture as well as using l1 regularization to induce sparse connection weights. We demonstrate that these measures can greatly improve both the accuracy and the stability of the models for datasets of varying sizes.

人工神经网络今天具有广泛的应用程序，因为它们的高度灵活性和从数据中建模非线性功能的能力。但是，由于其黑盒性质，从小型数据集概括的能力差以及在培训期间的不一致的融合，神经网络的可信度受到限制。铝电解是一个复杂的非线性过程，具有许多相互关联的子处理。人工神经网络可能非常适合对铝电解过程进行建模，但是此过程的安全性最关键的性质需要值得信赖的模型。在这项工作中，稀疏的神经网络经过训练，以建模铝电解模拟器的系统动力学。与相应的密集神经网络相比，稀疏模型结构的模型复杂性显着降低。我们认为这使模型更容易解释。此外，实证研究表明，稀疏模型比密集的神经网络从小型训练集中概括得更好。此外，训练具有不同参数初始化的稀疏神经网络的合奏表明，模型会收敛到具有相似学习的输入特征的相似模型结构。

语言的自动处理在我们的生活中普遍存在，经常在我们的决策中扮演核心角色，例如为我们的消息和邮件选择措辞，翻译我们的读物，甚至与我们进行完整的对话。单词嵌入是现代自然语言处理系统的关键组成部分。它们提供了一种词的表示，从而提高了许多应用程序的性能，从而是含义的表现。单词嵌入似乎可以捕捉到原始文本中单词的含义的外观，但与此同时，它们还提炼了刻板印象和社会偏见，后来传达给最终应用。这样的偏见可能是歧视性的。检测和减轻这些偏见，以防止自动化过程的歧视行为非常重要，因为它们的规模可能比人类更有害。目前，有许多工具和技术可以检测和减轻单词嵌入中的偏见，但是它们为没有技术技能的人的参与带来了许多障碍。碰巧的是，大多数偏见专家，无论是社会科学家还是对偏见有害，没有这样的技能的环境，并且由于技术障碍而无法参与偏见检测过程。我们研究了现有工具中的障碍，并与不同种类的用户探索了它们的可能性和局限性。通过此探索，我们建议开发一种专门旨在降低技术障碍的工具，并提供探索能力，以满足愿意审核这些技术的专家，科学家和一般人的要求。